Skin Analysis & Consultation Practice Questions

Explanation: Oily skin produces excess sebum (sebaceous gland secretion), resulting in a shiny or greasy appearance, enlarged pores, and a tendency toward acne and comedones. Dry skin lacks sebum and moisture, appearing flaky and tight. Combination skin is oily in the T-zone (forehead, nose, chin) and normal to dry on the cheeks.

Explanation: Rosacea is a chronic skin condition characterized by persistent facial redness (erythema), flushing, visible blood vessels (telangiectasia), and sometimes papules and pustules. It most commonly affects the cheeks, nose, forehead, and chin. Estheticians should avoid aggressive exfoliation, high heat, and alcohol-based products on rosacea clients, and should refer chronic conditions to a dermatologist.

Explanation: The Fitzpatrick Skin Type Scale (Types I–VI) classifies skin based on its response to UV radiation: Type I (very fair, always burns, never tans) through Type VI (deeply pigmented, never burns). It guides decisions about chemical peel strength, laser treatments, and UV exposure risk — higher Fitzpatrick types have greater risk of post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation.

Explanation: Active herpes simplex (cold sore) is a contraindication for chemical peels, facial massage, and many other esthetic services — the treatment can spread the virus. Other contraindications include use of isotretinoin (Accutane) within 6–12 months, open wounds, active infection, recent radiation, and pregnancy (for some acids). Always perform a thorough health intake.

Explanation: Melanocytes are located in the stratum basale (basal layer), the deepest layer of the epidermis. They produce melanin in response to UV exposure and transfer it to surrounding keratinocytes. The stratum corneum is the outermost layer of dead, flattened cells. The stratum lucidum is only found in thick skin (palms and soles).