Question 1

What is the difference between disinfection and sterilization?

Accepted Answer

Sterilization destroys ALL microorganisms including bacterial spores — it is the highest level of decontamination. Disinfection kills most pathogens (bacteria, viruses, fungi) but may not destroy spores. Salons typically use disinfection, not sterilization.

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a route of transmission for bloodborne pathogens in a salon?

Accepted Answer

HIV and Hepatitis B/C are bloodborne pathogens transmitted through blood and other potentially infectious materials (OPIM). They are NOT transmitted through casual air contact. Airborne transmission is associated with respiratory pathogens like tuberculosis.

Question 3

After using a metal implement on a client, what is the FIRST step?

Accepted Answer

Before disinfecting, implements must first be cleaned — all visible debris removed by scrubbing with soap and water or a brush. Disinfectants cannot penetrate organic matter, so skipping the cleaning step makes disinfection ineffective.

Question 4

What type of microorganism causes tinea capitis (scalp ringworm)?

Accepted Answer

Tinea capitis is caused by dermatophyte fungi (most commonly Trichophyton tonsurans in the US). The condition is contagious and contraindicates salon service. Clients should be referred to a physician for antifungal treatment.

Question 5

Single-use items such as nail files and neck strips must be:

Accepted Answer

Single-use (disposable) items must be discarded after one client use. They cannot be disinfected and reused. Examples include neck strips, cotton rounds, wax applicator sticks, and wooden nail implements.

Question 6

Which type of disinfectant is required to kill Mycobacterium tuberculosis on non-porous salon implements?

Accepted Answer

State board regulations require EPA-registered, hospital-grade disinfectants with a tuberculocidal claim for implements that contact clients. Tuberculocidal disinfectants are proven effective against Mycobacterium tuberculosis — a highly resistant organism used as the benchmark for disinfection efficacy.

Question 7

A client has an open sore on their scalp. What is the appropriate action for a cosmetologist?

Accepted Answer

Cosmetologists are not licensed medical professionals and must not perform services on clients with open sores, wounds, rashes, or contagious skin/scalp conditions. Declining and referring to a physician protects both the client and the practitioner from infection and liability.

Question 8

What is the difference between sterilization and disinfection in a salon setting?

Accepted Answer

Sterilization (e.g., autoclave) destroys all forms of microbial life, including bacterial spores — required for invasive medical instruments. Disinfection kills most pathogens but may not eliminate spores. Most salon implements require disinfection, not sterilization.

Question 9

Which of the following is the correct procedure for disinfecting metal shears after each client?

Accepted Answer

Proper disinfection requires: (1) pre-cleaning to remove hair and product residue (disinfectants cannot penetrate soil), then (2) complete immersion in an EPA-registered disinfectant for the full contact time specified on the label. Wiping without immersion does not meet regulatory standards.

Question 10

Which infection control practice is required when a cosmetologist sustains a cut or puncture wound while servicing a client?

Accepted Answer

Bloodborne pathogen protocols require stopping service immediately when a cut occurs, cleaning and covering the wound, and using gloves if continuing. Any client skin contact with blood must be addressed per standard precautions. Some states require ending the service entirely.

Infection Control and Sanitation Practice Questions

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