Question 1

The junction between the face of a weld and the base metal is called the:

Accepted Answer

The weld toe is the intersection of the weld face and the base metal.

Question 2

The shortest distance from the root of a fillet weld to its face is the:

Accepted Answer

The Actual Throat is the shortest distance between the weld root and the face of a fillet weld.

Question 3

A weld made without the addition of filler metal is called a(n):

Accepted Answer

Autogenous welding involves the melting and fusion of the base metal only, without adding filler metal (common in GTAW and LBW).

Question 4

The mating surface of a member that is in contact with or in close proximity to another member to which it is to be joined is the:

Accepted Answer

The faying surface is the mating surface of a member that is in contact with or in close proximity to another member to which it is to be joined.

Question 5

Weld metal in excess of the quantity required to fill a joint is called:

Accepted Answer

Weld reinforcement is weld metal in excess of the quantity required to fill a joint. It can be face reinforcement or root reinforcement.

Question 6

The distance from the root of the joint to the toe of the fillet weld is the:

Accepted Answer

The leg of a fillet weld is the distance from the joint root to the toe of the fillet weld.

Question 7

A surfacing variation that deposits metal on one or more surfaces to provide a compatible base metal for the subsequent weld is called:

Accepted Answer

Buttering is a surfacing variation that deposits surfacing metal on one or more surfaces to provide metallurgically compatible weld metal for the subsequent completion of the weld.

Question 8

The continuation of a fillet weld around a corner of a member as an extension of the principal weld is called:

Accepted Answer

Boxing is the continuation of a fillet weld around a corner of a member as an extension of the principal weld.

Question 9

The portion of a groove weld that extends beyond the surface of the base metal on the root side is:

Accepted Answer

Root reinforcement is weld reinforcement at the side other than that on which welding took place.

Question 10

What is the difference between a 'defect' and a 'discontinuity'?

Accepted Answer

A discontinuity is an interruption of the typical structure (e.g., porosity). It becomes a defect only if it exceeds the acceptance criteria of the applicable code and is rejectable.

Question 11

The minimum distance (minus any convexity) from the root of a fillet weld to its face is the:

Accepted Answer

The Effective Throat is the minimum distance from the fillet weld root to the face of a fillet weld, minus any convexity. It defines the load-bearing area.

Question 12

A non-standard term for 'Incomplete Fusion' is:

Accepted Answer

Cold lap is a common non-standard term for incomplete fusion (lack of fusion), where the weld metal does not fuse with the base metal.

Question 13

The exposed surface of a weld on the side from which welding was done is called the:

Accepted Answer

The weld face is the exposed surface of the weld on the side from which welding was done.

Question 14

A weld made to hold parts of a weldment in proper alignment until the final welds are made is a:

Accepted Answer

A tack weld is a weld made to hold parts of a weldment in proper alignment until the final welds are made.

Question 15

The distance that the weld extends into the joint root is called:

Accepted Answer

Joint penetration is the distance the weld metal extends from the weld face into a joint, exclusive of weld reinforcement.

Question 16

A joint between two members aligned in approximately the same plane is a:

Accepted Answer

A butt joint is a joint between two members aligned in approximately the same plane.

Question 17

The separation between the members to be joined at the root of the joint is the:

Accepted Answer

Root opening is the separation between the members to be joined at the root of the joint.

Question 18

The 'Theoretical Throat' of a fillet weld is the distance from the beginning of the joint root to the hypotenuse of the largest _____ that can be inscribed within the fillet weld cross section.

Accepted Answer

The theoretical throat assumes a perfect isosceles right triangle geometry, ignoring any penetration or reinforcement.

Question 19

What is the difference between 'complete joint penetration' (CJP) and 'complete fusion'?

Accepted Answer

CJP means the weld metal extends through the full thickness of the joint. Complete fusion means the weld melted and bonded to the base metal surfaces (which could happen in a PJP weld too).

Question 20

A sequence in which the weld increments are deposited in a direction opposite to the direction of progress the welding operation is:

Accepted Answer

Backstep sequence involves welding small segments in the opposite direction of the general progression to reduce distortion.

Question 21

The term 'Preheat Temperature' refers to the temperature of the base metal:

Accepted Answer

Preheat temperature is the temperature of the base metal in the volume surrounding the point of welding immediately before welding is started.

Question 22

The angle formed between the prepared edge of a member and a plane perpendicular to the surface of the member is the:

Accepted Answer

The bevel angle is the angle of preparation on a single member. The groove angle is the total angle of the groove (sum of bevel angles).

Question 23

A 'concave fillet weld' has a throat that is:

Accepted Answer

Because the face curves inward, the actual throat of a concave fillet weld is less than the theoretical throat.

Question 24

Which of the following is considered a 'groove' weld?

Accepted Answer

A scarf weld involves preparing the edges (beveling) and filling the groove, classifying it as a groove weld.

Question 25

The 'Weld Interface' is:

Accepted Answer

The weld interface is the boundary between the weld metal and the heat-affected zone (HAZ).

Question 26

A non-standard term for 'Root Opening' is:

Accepted Answer

'Gap' is a common non-standard term for Root Opening. 'Root Gap' is also non-standard in AWS A3.0 (preferred: Root Opening).

Question 27

In a T-joint, the junction of members and the non-butting member is called the:

Accepted Answer

In a T-joint, the joint root is the area where the members intersect (the tightest point).

Question 28

Which term describes the distance between the joint root and the toe of a fillet weld?

Accepted Answer

The leg of a fillet weld is the distance from the joint root to the toe of the fillet weld.

Question 29

Interpass Temperature is the temperature:

Accepted Answer

Interpass temperature is the temperature of the weld area between weld passes. It must be maintained within a specific range (min/max).

Question 30

The term 'Root Face' is often referred to by the non-standard term:

Accepted Answer

'Land' is the common non-standard term for the Root Face (the portion of the groove face adjacent to the root of the joint).

Welding Terms (AWS A3.0) Practice Questions

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