Question 1

What are the four values in the Agile Manifesto?

Accepted Answer

The Agile Manifesto (2001) states four core values: Individuals and interactions OVER processes and tools; Working software OVER comprehensive documentation; Customer collaboration OVER contract negotiation; Responding to change OVER following a plan. The 'over' means the right side has value — the left is just valued more.

Question 2

In Scrum, who is responsible for maximizing the value of the product and managing the product backlog?

Accepted Answer

The Product Owner owns and prioritizes the product backlog, ensuring it reflects stakeholder value. The Scrum Master facilitates Scrum events and removes impediments. The Development Team self-organizes to complete sprint work. The sponsor is outside the Scrum team.

Question 3

What is velocity in an agile project?

Accepted Answer

Velocity is the amount of work (measured in story points, story count, or other units) completed by the team in a sprint. It is used to forecast how much work the team can complete in future sprints and to predict the release date.

Question 4

When is a hybrid project management approach most appropriate?

Accepted Answer

A hybrid approach combines predictive (waterfall) and agile elements. It works well when some deliverables have stable requirements (planned predictively) while others involve innovation or uncertainty (handled iteratively). For example, regulatory compliance may be predictive while product features are developed agile.

Question 5

What is the Definition of Done (DoD) in Scrum?

Accepted Answer

The Definition of Done is a shared, formal list of criteria that a product increment must meet before it is considered done. It promotes transparency and ensures the team has a consistent understanding of quality. Items not meeting the DoD cannot be 'accepted' in the sprint review.

Question 6

In Scrum, what is the purpose of the Sprint Retrospective?

Accepted Answer

The Sprint Retrospective is a time-boxed event at the end of each Sprint where the Scrum Team reflects on how they worked together — what went well, what didn't, and what to improve. It focuses on the team's process, not the product (which is the Sprint Review's focus).

Question 7

The Agile Manifesto values 'Responding to change over following a plan.' How does this apply to project management?

Accepted Answer

The Agile Manifesto does not reject planning — it values the ability to respond to change when circumstances evolve. Agile teams use iterative cycles (sprints/iterations) to regularly inspect and adapt. Planning still occurs but is continuous and lightweight rather than fully front-loaded.

Question 8

A hybrid project uses waterfall for regulatory compliance phases and Agile for development sprints. What is the main benefit of a hybrid approach?

Accepted Answer

Hybrid project management applies predictive (waterfall) methods where requirements are stable and regulatory compliance demands fixed documentation, while applying adaptive (Agile) methods where innovation, iteration, and customer feedback add value. The approach is tailored to the project's needs.

Question 9

In a Kanban system, Work in Progress (WIP) limits are used to:

Accepted Answer

WIP limits in Kanban constrain the number of work items in each workflow stage (e.g., In Progress, Testing) to reduce multitasking, expose bottlenecks, and improve flow. When a column hits its WIP limit, the team must complete existing work before pulling new work in.

Question 10

The Agile concept of 'Definition of Done' (DoD) establishes:

Accepted Answer

The Definition of Done is a team-created checklist of quality criteria (e.g., code written, reviewed, tested, documented, deployed) that every Product Backlog Item must meet before it can be called 'Done.' It ensures consistent quality and transparency about what 'complete' means.

Agile and Hybrid Frameworks Practice Questions

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